Yeka ukwenza iimpazamo zesodium sulfide!

(3) Unyango lwe-oxidation Emva kokuba idayi yesulfure i-leuco idayiwe kwifiber, kufuneka ifakwe i-oxidized ukubonisa umbala ofunekayo.I-oxidation linyathelo elibalulekileyo emva kokudaya ngeedayi zesulfure.Emva kokudaya, i-oxidized sulfur dyes i-oxidized kalula i-oxidized emoyeni emva kokuhlamba kunye ne-ventilating, oko kukuthi, indlela ye-oxidation yomoya isetyenzisiweyo;kwezinye iidayi zesulfure ezingaxutywanga lula, ii-oxidizing agents zisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza i-oxidation.

(4) Emva kokucocwa emva kokulungiswa kwe-Post-processing kubandakanya ukucocwa, ukuthambisa, ukuchasana nokonakala kunye nokulungiswa kombala, njl. njl. kwidayi kunye nesalfure kwi-alkali evuthisiweyo i-oxidized ngokulula emoyeni ukwenza i-asidi ye-sulfuric, eya kubangela i-acid hydrolysis kwi-fiber cellulose kwaye ibangele umonakalo.Nciphisa amandla kwaye wenze i-fiber brittle.Ngoko ke, inokunyangwa ngama-anti-brittle agents, afana ne-urea, i-trisodium phosphate, i-bone glue, i-acetate ye-sodium, njl. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokukhawuleza kwesepha yeedayi zesulfure, inokulungiswa emva kokudaya.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zonyango lokulungiswa kombala: unyango lwetyuwa yesinyithi (njenge-potassium dichromate, i-sulfate yobhedu, i-acetate yobhedu kunye nemixube yale tyuwa) kunye nonyango lwe-agent yokulungisa umbala we-cationic (njenge-arhente yokulungisa umbala Y).Kwimveliso, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-agent e-color-fixing-M, edityaniswe ne-cationic i-ejenti yokulungisa umbala kunye netyuwa yobhedu, enokunciphisa ukungcola kwe-chromium.

l Sodium sulfide: Nceda unikele ingqalelo kwezi xa usebenzisa!

"Ngaba uziva ukhathazekile ngenxa yokuba unengxaki?"

ISodium Sulfide yanqwala kodwa ayizange ithethe, kodwa ilizwi laphinda lavakala

"Kodwa, kulungile."

Isodium sulfide yajonga le ndoda, eyayinxibe iovaroli yokunqanda ukubola, imaski yegesi kunye neeglavu zerabha.

"Jonga, ezi zilula kakhulu kwaye azikho ngxaki kwaphela."

“Hayi, inzima kakhulu.Kufuneka unxibe iimpahla zokusebenza ezichasene nokubola, imaski yegesi, kunye neeglavu zerabha.Izinto eziqhelekileyo azinamsebenzi.Unezilumkiso ezininzi.Ukuba awulumkanga, uya kwenzakala.Kufuneka ujongane nabo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.ukumosha igesi kunye namanzi amdaka.”

“Nangona kunjalo, ndinaso isisombululo.Akuyomfuneko ukuba ndonzakale, kwaye ndinokuyicombulula kakuhle kakhulu.

Ukuba ndiyichithe ngengozi kwiingubo zam, ndifuna nje ukukhulula iimpahla ezingcolileyo ngokukhawuleza, ndihlambulule ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15 kwaye ndiye kugqirha;ukuba ndibambe amehlo ngempazamo, ndiyakwazi ukuphakamisa ngokukhawuleza iinkophe kwaye ndihlambe ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo Okanye i-saline eqhelekileyo ihlambulule ngokucokisekileyo ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokufuna unyango;ukuba ndiphefumlelwe ngempazamo, ndiya kukhawuleza ndiyishiye indawo kwaye ndiye kwindawo enomoya omtsha ukuze ndigcine umgaqo womoya ungaphazamiseki.Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, qhagamshelana ne-oxygen kwakhona.Ukuba ukuphefumla kuyeka, yenza ukuphefumla okwenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufune unyango;ukuba ndiginywe ngempazamo, ndiza kuwuhlamba umlomo ngamanzi, ndisele ubisi okanye iqanda elimhlophe, ndize ndifune unyango.“

“Kodwa ndisenokutsha!”

Ndiyazi, uyinto ezenzekelayo yokutsha kwindawo engenamanzi, kwaye uthuli kulula ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo emoyeni.Iya kubola xa idibana ne-asidi kwaye ikhuphe iigesi ezinokutsha.Isenokwenza imixube eqhumayo xa ikwimo yomgubo, kwaye unyibiliko olumanzi nalo lunoburharha kwaye luyityhefu egqithisileyo.Ukucaphukisa okunamandla.Kwi-100°C uqalisa ukuba ngumphunga, kwaye umphunga ungahlasela iglasi.”

Ukuva oku, uNa Su waziva ebuhlungu ngakumbi.Intloko ebeyiphakamisile ngoku ibisele iwile, ebengaphinde ajonge kwisithethi.

Kodwa akunamsebenzi, logama nje amanzi, inkungu yamanzi nentlabathi zinokuwucima umlilo.Ukuba kukho ukuvuza, hlukanisa indawo engcolileyo, faka imaski yobuso obugcweleyo kunye ne-anti-acid kunye neempahla zokusebenza zealkali kwaye ungene kwindawo evela kumoya ophezulu.Ifosholo iqokelelwa kwisitya esomileyo, esicocekileyo, esigqunyiweyo, okanye sihlanjululwe ngamanzi amaninzi, ahlanjululwe aze afakwe kwisistim samanzi amdaka.Ukuba kukuvuza okukhulu, kunokuqokelelwa kuphela kwaye kusetyenziswe kwakhona okanye ukuthuthwa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ukuze ilahlwe.Kodwa zonke ezi Lulwazi esilufunde kwangaphambili, kwaye abasebenzi benkampani yethu baye bafumana uqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo kunye noqeqesho ukuze kungabikho kuvuza kuya kwenzeka.Ungakhathazeki, ungasathethi ke ngokuziva unetyala, asilotyala lakho!”

Emva kwethuba, iSodium Sulfide yaphakamisa intloko yathi: “Kodwa kufuneka ulumke!Nokuba uyifundile le nto, kufuneka ulumke, kuyingozi ukundisebenzisa.”

l I-sodium sulfide: Ukuba ufuna ukundikhupha, nceda uqaphele!

“Pakisha kwaye uhambise isodiyam sulfide kude namhlanje.Uyawazi onke amanyathelo okhuseleko.Uyayazi ingcaciso kunye nokupakishwa!

“Ewe!”

Kangangexesha elithile, umzi-mveliso waqalisa ukuxakeka.

I-sodium sulfide ivalwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-0.5 mm yentsimbi eshinyeneyo, kwaye ubunzima be-net bomgqomo ngamnye abudluli kwi-100 kg.Emva kokupakisha, yalayishwa kwigondola.

Abahloli bezokhuseleko bakaloliwe bahlanganisa izinto eziyingozi ngokungqinelana netafile yokudityaniswa kwempahla eyingozi kwi-“Mithetho yoThutho lweeMpahla ezinobungozi” kwiSebe lezoLoliwe.Ngexesha lokuthunyelwa, abasebenzi bahlolisise ngokungqongqo ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lokupakisha, kwaye baqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba ayixutywanga ne-oxidants, i-acids, iikhemikhali zokutya, njl. Ukongeza, isithuthi sikwaxhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezihambelanayo kunye nezixa ze izixhobo zokulwa nomlilo kunye nokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ngoxa wayesemotweni, uNa S akazange akwazi ukuzibamba waza wacinga ngoko wathethwa ngomnye umntu ngaphambi kokuba ahambe

Wathi, “Usenokucinga ukuba unetyhefu eninzi yaye unomhlwa, kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba zininzi izinto ozisebenzisayo, kwaye siza kumxelela nomntu okucholayo into afanele ayinikele ingqalelo.Into ekufuneka uyenzile kukulumka.Dlala indima yakho, inkathalo yethu mayibe nexabiso, masibone amandla akho, oku kwanele. "

Xa iSodium Sulfide ihlala kwindawo yobushushu ephantsi kunye neyomileyo kwakhona, iyakulangazelela ukucwiliswa emanzini, kodwa ayisaziva ikruqukile, kodwa ayinakulinda ukunceda umniniyo omtsha agqibe umsebenzi!

Ngaba ngokwenene uyazi malunga ne-sodium sulfide?

Njengoko sonke sisazi, i-sodium sulfide inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye iyonakalisa, kodwa isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, ngaba uyaluqonda ngokwenene ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga ne-sodium sulfide?

l Isishwankathelo se-sodium sulfide

I-sodium sulfide ecocekileyo yikristale yomgubo engenambala kunye ne-hygroscopicity enamandla kwaye inyibilika ngokulula emanzini.Isisombululo esinamanzi sine-alkaline reaction enamandla kwaye siya kubangela ukutshisa xa sichukumisa ulusu kunye neenwele, ngoko ke i-sodium sulfide ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-alkali sulfide.Isisombululo esinamanzi sesodium sulfide siya kuthi chu kancinci sibe yi-sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate kunye nesodium polysulfide emoyeni.Umbala we-industrial sodium sulfide upinki, ubomvu bumdaka, kunye nekhaki ngenxa yobumdaka.Yellow flaky isodiyam sulfide enevumba lehydrogen sulfide kunye nehygroscopicity.Ijika ibe tyheli ukuya kumdaka-mnyama xa ibekwe ekukhanyeni nasemoyeni, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ivelise ihydrogen sulfide, enokubola xa idibana neasidi okanye iasidi yekhabhoni.Inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, inyibilika kancinane kwi-ethanol, kwaye ayinyibiliki kwi-ether.Isisombululo samanzi si-alkaline, kwaye isisombululo siya kuba yi-sodium thiosulfate kunye ne-sodium hydroxide xa ifakwe emoyeni.

Ukuphuhliswa kwe-sodium sulfide kwilizwe lam kunembali ende kunye namava acebileyo.Ukuveliswa kwe-sodium sulfide kwavela kwi-1830s, kwaye imveliso encinci yaqalwa kuqala yimveliso yeekhemikhali eDalian, eLiaoning.Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1980 ukuya phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, ngophuhliso olomeleleyo lweshishini lemichiza lamazwe ngamazwe, ishishini lasekhaya le-sodium sulfide liye lenza utshintsho olubalulekileyo.Inani labavelisi kunye nesikali liye landa kakhulu, kwaye uphuhliso lukhawuleza.Indawo yokuvelisa i-sodium sulfide esekelwe eYuncheng, i-Shanxi iye yanda ngokukhawuleza ukuya kumaphondo angaphezu kwe-10 kunye nemimandla equka iYunnan, i-Xinjiang, i-Inner Mongolia, i-Gansu, i-Qinghai, i-Ningxia, ne-Shaanxi.Umthamo wemveliso wesizwe wonyaka unyuke ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-420,000 ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980 ukuya kutsho kwiitoni ezingama-640,000 phakathi koo-1990.Imveliso yayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-Inner Mongolia, eGansu, naseXinjiang kuMntla-ntshona weChina.Umthamo wokuvelisa we-Inner Mongolia ufikelele kwiitoni ze-200,000, kwaye ibe yimveliso enkulu yemveliso yeemveliso ze-sodium sulfide e-China.

Okoko inkampani yethu yaqala ukunxibelelana neemveliso zesodium sulfide, sifikelele kwintsebenziswano neenkampani ezininzi kwaye sifumene uvavanyo oluphezulu kakhulu.Sinokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthuthwa kunye neminye imiba, "inkonzo esemgangathweni", "imveliso kuqala" kunye "nomthengi kuqala" Ngumgaqo esihlala sibambelele kuwo!

l Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium sulfide:

1. Ishishini ledayi lisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iidayi zesulfure, kwaye yimathiriyeli ekrwada yesulfure eluhlaza kunye neblue sulfur.

2. Kwishishini lokuprinta kunye nokudaya, lisetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokudaya ukunyibilikisa idayi zesulfure.

3. Kwishishini lephepha, lisetyenziswa njenge-agent yokupheka kwiphepha.

4. Kwishishini le-textile, lisetyenziswe kwi-denitrification yeentsinga ezenziwe ngabantu kunye nokunciphisa i-nitrate, kunye ne-mordant ye-cotton fabric dyeing.

5. Kwishishini le-tanning, isetyenziselwa i-hydrolysis ukukhupha izikhumba eziluhlaza, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-polysulfide ye-sodium ukukhawulezisa ukucwiliswa kwezikhumba ezomileyo kunye nokuzithambisa.

6. Ishishini le-electroplating lisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-conductive layer kwi-electroplating ngqo, ngokuphendula kwe-sodium sulfide kunye ne-palladium ukwenza i-colloidal palladium sulfide ukufezekisa injongo yokwenza i-conductive layer kwi-non-metal surface.

7. Ishishini lamachiza lisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-antipyretics efana ne-phenacetin.

8. Kukwakho ukusetyenziswa okuthile kwishishini lomkhosi.

9. Kwi-mineral flotation, i-sodium sulfide yi-inhibitor ye-ores eninzi ye-sulfide, i-agent ye-sulfide ye-non-ferrous metal oxide ores, kunye ne-deagent ye-concentrates edibeneyo ye-sulfide ores.

10. Kunyango lwamanzi, lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukunyanga i-electroplating okanye amanye amanzi amdaka aqulathe ii-ion zetsimbi, kwaye asebenzise i-ion zesulfure ukukhupha ii-ion zesinyithi ukususa ii-ion zetsimbi, ezifana ne-germanium, i-tin, ilothe, isilivere, i-cadmium, ithusi, i-mercury, i-zinc. , manganese yima.Indlela ye-sodium sulfide precipitation inokubuyisela izinto zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kumanzi amdaka esinyithi.

11. Ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-sodium sulfide kwisisombululo se-alkaline etching ye-aluminium kunye ne-alloys inokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho womgangatho oqingqiweyo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola kwesinyithi esine-alkali-enyibilikayo njenge-zinc kwisisombululo se-alkaline etching. .

12. Yimpahla eluhlaza ye-sodium thiosulfate, i-sodium polysulfide, idayi zesulfure, njl.

13. Hlalutya ukuqina kwamanzi kwimveliso yesichumiso senitrogen.

Iinkcukacha:

Ishishini leMetallological:

I-1) Ukususwa kokungcola kwi-leachate yomhlaba onqabileyo Xa ujongene nemozulu ye-crust elution-uhlobo lwe-ores yomhlaba enqabileyo, emva kokuvuthwa kunye ne-leaching ngesisombululo esinamandla se-electrolyte, i-leachate yomhlaba enqabileyo efunyenwe ihlala iqulethe inani elikhulu le-ion ezingcolileyo, ezifana ne-Al3 +, Fe3 + , Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Cu2 +, njl. Xa inkqubo ye-oxalic acid precipitation isetyenzisiwe, ezi zinto zingcolileyo ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kwenza i-oxalate precipitation kunye nokudluliselwa kwiimveliso ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ezichaphazela ukucoceka kwemveliso.Ngaphezu koko, ukuze kuthintelwe i-emulsification kwinkqubo elandelayo yokutsalwa, ii-ion zokungcola kulwelo lwesondlo kufuneka zisuswe kuqala.Imveliso ye-solubility constants ye-metal sulfide precipitates emininzi iboniswe kwitheyibhile eqhotyoshelweyo.Xa i-Na2S yongezwa kumhlaba onqabileyo we-eluate, i-ion yensimbi enzima i-Cu2 +, i-Pb2 +, i-Zn2 +, njl. kwisisombululo sinokususwa ngokufanelekileyo.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukulawula i-pH malunga ne-5 kunye nokongeza i-Na2S kumhlaba onqabileyo we-eluate ukususa ukungcola kungekhona nje umphumo omuhle wokukhupha ukungcola, kodwa kwakhona ayilahlekelwa yimihlaba enqabileyo.

2) Sebenzisa i-Na2S ukususa i-arsenic.I-Arsenic ngokuqhelekileyo ikhona kwiiminerali ngendlela ye-sulfide.Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-pyrometallurgy, ininzi ye-arsenic i-volatilizes kwi-flue gas kunye nothuli, ngakumbi ukukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-SO2 ephantsi kuya kungcolisa indalo.Ngoko ke, ukususwa kwe-arsenic kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba unyango olulandelayo lwegesi ye-flue okanye ukuchithwa.Sebenzisa isisombululo se-Na2S ukufunxa i-SO2 flue gas, ukwenzela ukuba i-As3+ kunye ne-S2- ifom ye-As2S3 i-precipitate (Ksp=2.1×10-22), kwi-pH ephezulu (pH>8), i-As2S3 inokunyibilika ukwenza i-As3S3-6 okanye i-AsS2- 3, xa kuthelekiswa ne-pH ephantsi, isisombululo siya kuvelisa igesi ye-H2S.Uphando lweYin Aijun et al.[4] ibonisa ukuba xa i-pH yesisombululo ilawulwa kuluhlu lwe-2.0 ukuya kwi-5.5, ixesha lokuphendula liyimizuzu engama-50, ukushisa kwe-reaction yi-30 ukuya kwi-50 ° C, kwaye i-flocculant yongezwa, izinga lokususwa kwe-arsenic linokufikelela. 90%.% ngaphezulu.Kwimveliso yekhabhoni emhlophe yamayeza amnyama, ukwenzela ukunciphisa umxholo wokungcola kwe-arsenic kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo yemveliso ekrwada, i-sodium sulfide yongezwa kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo ukwenza i-As3 + ifom ye-As2S3 kunye ne-precipitate kwaye isuse.Imveliso yokuvelisa ibonisa ukuba i-sodium sulfide isusa i-arsenic kungekhona nje ngesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kunye nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-arsenic.Umxholo we-arsenic kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric emva kokususa i-arsenic ingaphantsi kwe-0.5 × 10-6, kwaye umxholo we-arsenic wekhabhoni emhlophe eveliswe ngale nto eluhlaza ngu-≤0.0003%, ehambelana ngokupheleleyo nemimiselo ye-United States Pharmacopoeia.

Ukucocwa kwamanzi:

Ikakhulu kukujongana namanzi amdaka anemekyuri ayingozi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu.Kushishino lokwenza isoda, isiqulatho semekyuri kumanzi amdaka alahlwayo siqheleke ukuba phezulu, ukodlula umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe (0.05mg/L).Kwisisombululo esincinci (pH 8-11), i-ion ye-mercury inokwenza i-insoluble precipitates kunye ne-sodium sulfide.Inokubonwa kwitheyibhile eqhotyoshelweyo ukuba imveliso ye-solubility ye-HgS incinci kakhulu (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Ngophando, kunqunywe ukuba umphumo wonyango ungcono xa inani le-Na2S lihlala lihlala kwaye ixabiso le-pH lilawulwa kwi-9-10, kwaye i-Hg2 + emanzini amdaka ingancitshiswa ibe ngaphantsi komgangatho wesizwe (0.05mg / L).Ukongeza, ngokongeza i-FeSO4 ukuvelisa i-Fe (OH) 2 kunye ne-Fe (OH) ye-3 ye-colloids emanzini, ezi colloids azikwazi nje ukuthengisa i-ion ze-mercury kuphela, kodwa kunye nomgibe kunye nokugqoka amasuntswana aqinileyo e-HgS, edlala indima efanelekileyo ekudibaniseni kunye nemvula. .Intlenga ayilulanga ukuba ingcoliswe kabini kwaye ikulungele ukulahlwa.

Umzi mveliso we-Electroplating:

1) I-Na2S isetyenziswa njengesikhanyisi kwi-electroplating:

I-sodium sulfide inyibilika emanzini kwaye i-ionized ibe yi-ioni ye-sodium ehlanjululweyo (Na +) kunye ne-ioni ye-sulfide echaphazelekayo (S2-).Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-electroplating, ubukho be-S2- kwi-electrolyte bunokukhuthaza i-cathode polarization.Ngexesha elifanayo Ngaphantsi kwesi simo, isantya sokuphendula i-cathode sikhawuleza.Isantya sokubekwa sikwakhawuleziswa, amandla okubeka ubunzulu ayanda, i-coating iyacocwa, kwaye umphezulu wenxalenye echongiweyo uqaqamba ngokuhambelanayo.

2) I-sodium sulfide isusa ukungcola kwi-electrolyte:

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa i-electroplating, ukungcola okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci kwizinto eziluhlaza kuya kuziswa kwisisombululo se-plating.Ezi zingcolileyo zisabela ngokungafaniyo phantsi kwesenzo se-electrodes, kwaye ukungcola okunamandla angaphantsi kuya kufakwa phezu kwendawo edibeneyo kunye ne-Zn2 +, echaphazela umgangatho woluhlu oludibeneyo.Emva kokongeza i-sodium sulfide, i-S2- kwi-sodium sulfide ingenza i-precipitates kunye ne-ion yokungcola kwetsimbi, ukukhusela ukungcola ukuba kuthathe inxaxheba kwi-electrochemical reactions kunye nokwenza iingubo ezikhanyayo.

3) Ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-Na2S se-flue gas desulfurization

Okwangoku, indlela yokubuyisela i-SO2 kwigesi ye-flue ikakhulu ukuguqula i-SO2 ibe yi-H2SO4, i-SO2 yolwelo kunye ne-elemental sulfur.I-Elemental sulphur ikwayimveliso efanelekileyo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ngenxa yokukhululeka kwayo ekuyiphatheni nasekuthuthweni kwayo.Inkqubo entsha yokuvelisa i-sulfure ye-elemental ngokusebenzisa i-H2S eveliswe kwisisombululo se-Na2S njenge-arhente yokunciphisa ukunciphisa i-SO2.Le nkqubo ilula kwaye ayifuni kusebenzisa ii-arhente zokunciphisa ezibiza kakhulu njengerhasi yendalo kunye namalahle anesulfure ephantsi njengobuchwephesha bemveliso jikelele.Xa i-pH yesisombululo ihla kwi-8.5-7.5, ukufunxa i-SO2 kunye ne-Na2S kuya kuvelisa i-H2S, kunye ne-H2S kunye ne-SO2 iya kufumana i-Claus reaction emanzi kwinqanaba le-liquid.

Ishishini lokulungisa izimbiwa:

1) I-sodium sulfide njenge-inhibitor:

Isiphumo esithintelayo se-sodium sulfide kwi-ore ye-sulfide kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba kungenxa yemibandela emibini.Enye kukuba i-Na2S i-hydrolyzes ukuvelisa i-HS-, i-HS- ayibandakanyi i-xanthate i-adsorbed kwi-surface yamaminerali e-sulfide, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, i-adsorbed kwi-mineral surface ukwandisa i-hydrophilicity ye-mineral surface;enye Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kucatshangelwa ukuba i-inhibitory effect ye-Na2S ayibangelwa nje yi-adsorption ye-HS- kwi-mineral surface, kodwa inxulumene ne-S2- eyenziwe yi-ionization ye-Na2S kwisisombululo samanzi.

Ngenxa yemveliso enkulu ye-solubility ye-PbS kunye nemveliso encinci ye-solubility ye-PbX2, xa i-Na2S yongezwa, i-concentration ye-S2- iyanda, kwaye ibhalansi itshintshela ngakwesobunxele, eyenza i-xanthate ifakwe kwi-mineral surface desorb, ukwenzela ukuba i-Na2S inokuthintela umphumo we-mineral surface.Ukusebenzisa i-inhibitory effect ye-Na2S, i-flotation ye-Ni2S3 inokuvinjelwa ngokongeza i-Na2S, ukwenzela ukuba ukuhlukana okusebenzayo kwe-Cu2S kunye ne-Ni2S3 kwi-nickel matte ephezulu kunokufezekiswa.Kwezinye izityalo ze-lead-zinc beneficiation, ngenxa yeengxaki zezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ngokungekho ngqiqweni, i-slag emva kwe-flotation iqulethe i-lead ephezulu kunye ne-zinc.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-adsorption ye-agent ethile ye-flotation kumphezulu wayo, ukupakishwa kwexesha elide kuya kubangela udaka olunzima, oluya kubangela ubunzima obukhulu ekwahlukaneni kwakhona kwe-lead-zinc ore ephakathi.Ukusebenzisa i-inhibitory effect ye-Na2S, i-Na2S ingasetyenziswa njenge-reagent ukuze idibanise i-xanthate ethe yabhengezwa kwi-mineral surface, ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzi wokujikeleza okulandelayo kube lula ukuwenza.I-lead-zinc medium ore egcinwe kwi-Shaanxi Xinhe Concentrator yaxutywa ngaphambili nge-sodium sulfide yokususwa kweziyobisi, kwaye emva koko i-flotation yenziwa ukufumana i-lead concentrate kunye ne-lead content ye-63.23% kunye ne-zinc concentrate kunye ne-zinc content ye-55.89% (i-lead kunye ne-55.89% Izinga lokubuyisela i-zinc lingafikelela kwi-60.56% kunye ne-85.55% ngokulandelanayo), esebenzisa ngokupheleleyo izibonelelo zamaminerali zesibini.Ekuhleleni i-copper-zinc sulfide ores, ngenxa ye-symbiosis exineneyo yamaminerali, umxholo wesulfure kunye nobhedu oluphezulu lwesibini, kunzima ukuhlenga.Olu hlobo lwe-ore lusetyenziswe yi-Cu2 + ngexesha lokugaya, kunye nokujikeleza kwayo Isondele kwi-chalcopyrite, ngoko ke iiminerali zethusi kunye ne-zinc akulula ukuhlukana.Xa kusetyenzwa olu hlobo lwe-ore, ngokongeza i-Na2S ngexesha lokugaya i-ore, i-S2- eveliswe yi-hydrolysis ye-Na2S kunye nezinye ii-ion zetsimbi ezinobunzima obunamandla okusebenza, ezifana ne-Cu2 +, zenza i-insoluble sulfide precipitates ukususa ukusebenza kwezi ion zetsimbi ezinzima.Emva koko, ngokudibanisa i-zinc kunye ne-sulphur inhibitors, usebenzisa ichiza elimnyama le-butyl ammonium ukuba ukhethe ngokukhethekileyo ii-tailings zobhedu-zobhedu kwi-zinc yokukhetha i-zinc tailings yokwahlula isulfure ukuze ufumane i-concentrate yobhedu kunye ne-25.10% yobhedu kunye ne-zinc concentrate kunye ne-41.20% ye-zinc ore kunye ne-sulphur concentrate kunye ne-sulfure. umthamo wesulfure wama-38.96%.

2) I-sodium sulfide njenge-activator:

Uphononongo olujikelezayo lwenkqubo ye-smithsonite-limonite lubonise ukuba kwi-limonite amine flotation, kuphela kwi-pH ephantsi, i-amine inokubhengezwa kumphezulu wezimbiwa ngamandla e-electrostatic.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokongeza i-Na2S, ifilimu ye-FeS yenziwa kumphezulu we-limonite.Ekubeni ifilimu ye-FeS inokunyusa i-adsorption ye-molecular amines kwi-pH ephezulu, iinqununu ze-FeS ze-reagent zingasetyenziselwa ukujikeleza, kwaye i-limonite inokutshatyalaliswa kwi-pH ephezulu.I-amine flotation yenziwa.Ukongeza, i-Na2S ingasetyenziselwa njenge-activator ye-flotation ye-copper oxide minerals.Xa isixa esifanelekileyo se-Na2S songezwa kwisisombululo se-flotation, i-S2 ehlukanisiweyo-ifumana impendulo yokufuduka kunye ne-anions ye-lattice kumphezulu we-mineral oxidized ukwenza ifilimu ye-sulfide phezu kwe-copper oxide mineral, enenzuzo i-adsorption yabaqokeleli be-xanthate.Nangona kunjalo, ifilimu ye-copper sulfide eyenziwe kumphezulu we-copper oxide ore ayiqini kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukuwa xa ukuvuselela kunamandla.Xa ujongene nomgodi wobhedu we-Totozui e-Daye, i-Hubei (i-minerals equkethe i-copper ikakhulukazi ihlanganiswe ne-malachite), indlela yokujikeleza yokongeza i-Na2S kwizigaba ezininzi kunye nokukhupha i-concentrate kumanqaku amaninzi kunciphisa ukujikeleza kwe-ore ephakathi, kunye nokugxila kobhedu. umlinganiselo webakala Inkqubo yokuvelisa iphuculwe nge-2.1%, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela ubhedu negolide liye landa ngo-25.98% kunye ne-10.81% ngokulandelanayo.I-Na2S isenokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokusebenza sokuphaphazela sepyrite esicinezelwe yiperalkali lime kwinkqubo yeperkalime.Kwinkqubo ye-alkali ephezulu, umphezulu we-pyrite uhlanganiswe nefilimu ye-hydrophilic calcium (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), evimbela ukujikeleza kwayo.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba emva kokongeza i-Na2S, i-hydrolyzed HS- ions inokucudisa ngaphandle i-Ca(OH)2, CaSO4 kunye ne-Fe(OH)3 egquma umphezulu wepyrite kwelinye icala, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ingafakwa kwi-adsorbed umphezulu wepyrite..Ngenxa yokuba i-pyrite inamandla okudlulisa ii-electron, xa i-interface enokwenzeka ye-pyrite inkulu kune-EHS / S0, i-HS- ilahlekelwa i-electron ebusweni be-xanthate ukuvelisa i-hydrophobic elemental sulfur.Isiphumo se-elemental sulfur coat the surface ye-mineral, ngaloo ndlela siyenza isebenze ukuze ihambe lula.

I-3) I-sodium sulfide isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokudada okudadayo kwigolide kunye neeminerali zesilivere:

Ekubeni umqokeleli-free flotation yegolide ore usebenzisa ngokupheleleyo umgaqo electrochemical kunye umahluko electron kumphezulu sulfide kunye neeminerali zegolide-zesilivere, umqokeleli-free flotation has selectivity eliphezulu kunye nenkqubo reagent elula.Ukongeza, kuphelisa i-adsorption engakhethiyo ekunzima ukuyilawula kwi-flotation yabaqokeleli be-xanthate, kwaye isombulule ingxaki yokususwa kweziyobisi phambi kokuba i-cyanide ivuze igolide kunye nengxaki yomqokeleli wefilimu umqobo wegolide.Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho izifundo ezininzi malunga nokujikeleza kweeminerali zegolide kunye nesilivere ngaphandle kweearhente zokubuyisela.Iiminerali zegolide kunye ne-sulfide kwigolide kunye nesiliva ore zihlala zihlala kunye, ngakumbi igolide kunye nepyrite zixhomekeke ngokusondeleyo.Ngenxa yokuba umphezulu we-pyrite uneempawu ze-semiconductor kunye nekhono elithile lokuthutha i-electron, kwaye, ngokuthelekisa umgangatho we-electrostatic we-pyrite kunye ne-HS-/S0 ukuya kwi-EHS-/S0, xa i-pH ye-ore slurry ikuluhlu lwe-8. -13, ipyrite I-electrostatic potential of the surface mine surface ihlala iphezulu kune-EHS-/S0.Ngoko ke, i-HS- kunye ne-S2- ionized yi-Na2S kwi-pulp iya kukhupha kumphezulu we-pyrite ukuvelisa i-sulfure ye-elemental.

Isikhumbaishishiniry:

Ukusebenzisa indlela engwevu-alkali yokudibanisa:

(1) Indlela ecocekileyo ye-alkali ye-lime: inhlanganisela ye-sodium sulfide kunye ne-lime;

(2) Indlela yealkali-alkali: indibaniselwano yesodium sulfide, i-caustic soda, kunye ne-slaked lime (isetyenziswa kakhulu ukugalelwa kwesikhumba senyathi kunye nesikhumba sehagu).Ngenxa ye-alkalinity eyomeleleyo ye-caustic soda, imveliso yangoku ye-tanning ayikona nje ukuveliswa kwesikhumba sehagu, kodwa kunye ne-liming.Sebenzisa i-soda encinci ye-caustic;

(3) Indlela ye-Lime-alkali-ityuwa: ngesiseko sendlela ecocekileyo ye-ash-alkali, yongeza i-salts engathathi hlangothi, njenge-calcium chloride, i-sodium chloride, i-sodium sulfate, njl.;

(4) I-Enzymatic liming.

Ukuya:

1. Susa i-interdermal fibrous matrix, unciphise uxhulumaniso phakathi kweenwele, i-epidermis kunye ne-dermis, uguqule imicu ye-elastic, utshabalalise izicubu ze-muscle, kwaye uzuze umphumo wezinye izinto esikhumbeni kwinkqubo elandelayo;

2. I-saponify ioli esikhumbeni esingenanto, susa inxalenye yeoli esikhumbeni, kwaye udlale indima ethile ekunciphiseni;

3. Vula iibhondi zesibini zenxalenye ye-collagen, ukwenzela ukuba i-collagen fibers ikhululwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye amaqela asebenzayo e-collagen akhululwe;

4. Susa idyasi kunye ne-cuticle (iinwele ezibolileyo ze-alkali).

Ishishini ledayi:

Idayi zesulfure zinembali engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 ukususela ekuzalweni kwazo.Iidayi zokuqala zesulfure zaveliswa yiCroissant kunye neBretonniere ngo-1873. Badibanisa izinto eziqulethe iifiber eziphilayo, ezifana ne-wood chips, i-humus, i-bran, i-cotton enkunkuma kunye ne-Waste Paper, njl.Le dayi imdaka, nenuka kakubi, ihygroscopic inokwakheka okungazinzanga kwaye inyibilika lula emanzini.Xa udaya umqhaphu ngebhafu ye-alkaline kunye nebhafu ye-alkali sulfide, idayi eluhlaza ifunyenwe.Umqhaphu unokujika ube mdaka xa utyhilekile emoyeni okanye uxutywe nekhemikhali ngesisombululo se-dichromate ukulungisa umbala.Ngenxa yokuba ezi dayi zinentsebenzo encomekayo yokudaya kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, zinokusetyenziswa kwishishini lokudaya umqhaphu.

Ngo-1893, i-R.Vikal yanyibilikisa i-p-aminophenol nge-sodium sulfide kunye ne-sulfure ukwenza idayi zesulfure ezimnyama.Ukwafumanise ukuba ezinye izinto eziphuma kwi-benzene kunye ne-naphthalene zinokunyibilika ngesulfure kunye ne-sodium sulfide ukuvelisa iindidi zedayi ezimnyama zesulfure.idayi.Ukususela ngoko, abantu baye bavelisa idayi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebomvu kunye ne-sulfure eluhlaza kwesi siseko.Kwangaxeshanye, indlela yokulungiselela kunye nenkqubo yokudaya nayo iye yaphuculwa kakhulu.Idayi zesulfure ezinyibilikayo emanzini, idayi yesulfure elulwelo kunye nedayi yesulfure ehambelana nokusingqongileyo ziye zavela enye emva kwenye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba idayi yesulfure ichume.

Idayi zesulfure ngoku yenye yezona dayi zisetyenziswa kakhulu.Ngokutsho kweengxelo, ukuveliswa kweedayi zesulfure kwihlabathi kufikelela kwiitoni ezingaphezu kwe-100,000, kwaye iintlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ziyidayi ezimnyama zesulfure.Okwangoku, iziphumo ze-sulfure ezimnyama zibalelwa kwi-75% ~ 85% yesiphumo esipheleleyo seedayi zesulfure.Ngenxa yokwenziwa kwayo ngokulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukukhawulezisa okulungileyo kwaye akukho carcinogenicity, ithandwa ngabavelisi bokushicilela kunye nokudaya.Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekudayeni umqhaphu kunye nezinye iifayibha zeselulosi, kwaye uthotho olumnyama noluhlaza lusetyenziswa kakhulu.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuvelisa idayi zesulfure kwimizi-mveliso:

1) Indlela yokubhaka, i-amines yokubhaka, i-phenols okanye iikhompawundi ze-nitro ze-hydrocarbon ekrwada enevumba elimnandi kunye nesalfure okanye i-sodium polysulfide kubushushu obuphezulu ukulungiselela idayi etyheli, i-orenji kunye ne-brown sulfur.

2) Indlela yokubilisa, ukufudumeza kunye nokubilisa i-amines, i-phenols okanye iikhompawundi ze-nitro ze-hydrocarbon ekrwada enuka kamnandi kunye ne-sodium polysulfide emanzini okanye izinyibilikisi zendalo ukulungiselela idayi yesulfure emnyama, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nohlaza.

Ukuhlelwa

1) I-powder vulcanization

Ifomula yolwakhiwo jikelele lwedayi yiDSSD, kwaye ngokubanzi kufuneka ibiliswe ngesodium sulfide kwaye isetyenziswe emva kokunyibilika.Olu hlobo lwedayi alunyibiliki emanzini, idayi inokuncitshiswa ibe yi-leuco kunye ne-alkaline yokunciphisa i-agent, kwaye inyibilikiswe emanzini, ityuwa yesodium ye-leuco inokufunxwa yifiber.

2) I-vulcanization yamanzi enyibilikayo

Ifomula eqhelekileyo yesakhiwo sedayi yi-D-SSO3Na.Isici solu hlobo lwedayi kukuba kukho amaqela anyibilikayo emanzini kwisakhiwo se-molecular yedayi, ene-solubility efanelekileyo kunye nepropathi efanelekileyo yokudaya.Yenza idayi yesulfure eqhelekileyo kunye ne-sodium sulfite okanye i-sodium bisulfite ukwenza idayi ye-thiosulfate, enokunyibilika kwe-150g/L ku-20°C kwaye isetyenziselwa ukudaya ngokuqhubekayo.Idayi zesulfure ezinyibilikayo zamanzi zinyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, akukho nto inganyibilikiyo, kwaye i-solubility egcweleyo yanele ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokunyibilika kwedosi yokudaya.Idayi zesulfure ezinyibilikayo emanzini zinokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, idayi ayinayo i-ejenti yokunciphisa kwaye ayinayo indibaniselwano yeentsinga.Kuyimfuneko ukongeza i-alkali sulfide ngexesha lokudaya, kwaye uyiguqule ibe yindawo enobudlelwane bemicu ye-cellulose ngokusebenzisa i-nucleophilic kunye nokunciphisa ukuphendula.Ngokuqhelekileyo, isetyenziswa kwizinto ezilukiweyo ngendlela yokudaya iphedi yokumiswa.

3) I-vulcanization yolwelo

Ifomula yesakhiwo jikelele sedayi yi-D-SNa, equlethe inani elithile le-sodium sulfide yokunciphisa i-agent yokunciphisa kwangaphambili idayi kwi-leuco e-soluble yamanzi.Ukunciphisa iidayi zesulfure eziqhelekileyo kwi-leuco enyibilikayo yamanzi kunye ne-agent yokunciphisa, ukongeza i-agent yokunciphisa ngokugqithiseleyo njenge-antioxidant, ukongeza i-agent yokungena, ityuwa ye-inorganic kunye ne-softener yamanzi ukwenza idayi yolwelo, eyaziwa ngokuba yidayi ethotyiweyo.Ingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuxutywa ngamanzi.Idayi ezinjalo ziquka iidayi ezinesulfure, ezifana nedayi yeCasulfon equlethe i-sodium sulfide, kwaye ayinayo okanye incinci kakhulu isixa sesulfure, njengedayi ze-Immedial, kwaye akukho manzi amdaka anesulfure ngexesha lokudaya.

4) I-vulcanization ehambelana nokusingqongileyo

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ihlanjululwe kwi-leucochrome, kodwa umxholo wesulfure kunye nomxholo we-polysulfide uphantsi kakhulu kuneedayi zesulfure eziqhelekileyo.Idayi inobunyulu obuphezulu, i-reducibility ezinzileyo, kunye nokungena kakuhle.Ngelo xesha, i-glucose kunye ne-sodium hydrosulfite zisetyenziselwa i-binary reduction agents kwindawo yokuhlambela idayi, engakwazi ukunciphisa kuphela idayi yesulfure, kodwa idlala indima yokusingqongileyo.

5) Ukunciphisa isulfure

Ihlala yenziwe ibe ngumgubo, icolekileyo, i-ultrafine powder okanye idayi elulwelo, ilungele amalaphu adityanisiweyo e-polyester-cotton kwaye asasaze idayi kwindawo yokudaya yokuhlamba enye, ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-caustic soda, i-sodium hydrosulfite (okanye i-thiourea dioxide), endaweni ye-sodium sulfide. yokunciphisa kunye nokuchithwa, njengedayi ye-Hydron Indocarbon.

6) Ukusasazwa kwe-vulcanization

Ukusasaza idayi zesulfure zisekelwe kwiidayi zesulfure kunye nedayi yesulfure ye-vat, kwaye ziveliswa ngokwendlela yokuthengisa yokusabalalisa idayi.Zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukudaya i-polyester-viscose okanye i-polyester-cotton edityanisiweyo kunye nedayi ezisasazekileyo kwindawo yokuhlambela enye.Kukho iintlobo ezili-16 zeKayaku Homodye eziveliswe nguNippon Kayaku.

Indlela yokuDaya yesakhiwo

Idayi zesulfure luhlobo lwedayi enesulfure.I-molecule iqulethe iibhondi zesulfure ezenziwe ngeeathom zesulfure ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu.Xa isetyenziswe, iyancitshiswa ibe ngumzimba we-leuco, ukwenzela ukuba inyibilike emanzini kwaye idaye i-fiber.Iimpawu zokudaya isulfure ziyahluka ngohlobo lwedayi.Idayi zesulfure zinokukhawuleza okuphezulu kokuhlamba kunye nokusebenza okunamandla.Nangona ukukhawuleza kokuhlikihla kunye nokuqaqamba kungenakulunga njengedayi esebenzayo, ukukhawuleza kwazo ukuchaphaza kunye nokukhawuleza kokukhanya kungcono kunedayi ezisebenzayo, kwaye idayi yesulfure isebenzisa ityuwa encinci kwaye idla amanzi amancinci xa idayi.abambalwa.Idayi zesulfure ziikhompawundi eziphilayo eziqulathe amaqela e-nitro kunye ne-amino, uninzi lwawo lwenziwa ngokusabela ngesulfure kunye ne-sodium sulfide kubushushu obuphezulu.Idayi ezininzi zesulfure azinayo ifomyula yekhemikhali ecacileyo.Umgaqo wokudaya wedayi yesulfure uyafana nowokudayi wedayi.Benza iileucosomes ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezinobudlelwane kunye neentsinga zokudaya iintsinga ngokusabela kokunciphisa iikhemikhali, kwaye emva koko zibophe ngokuqinileyo kwimicu nge-oxidation.

Idayi zesulfure azinyibiliki emanzini, kwaye i-sodium sulfide okanye ezinye ii-agent zokunciphisa kufuneka zinciphise idayi kwi-leucosomes enyibilikayo ngexesha lokudaya.Inobudlelwane nefiber kwaye idayi ifayibha, kwaye emva koko ibuyisela imeko yayo enganyibilikiyo emva kwe-oxidation kunye nophuhliso lombala kunye nokulungiswa kwifiber.Ngoko idayi yesulfure ikwaluhlobo lwedayi yevat.Idayi zesulfure zingasetyenziselwa ukudaya umqhaphu, ilinen, i-viscose kunye nezinye iifayibha.Inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula, ixabiso liphantsi, kwaye inokudayi umbala omnye okanye imibala exubeneyo.Inokukhanya okulungileyo kunye nokukhawuleza kokunxiba.Kukho ukunqongophala kobomvu kunye nomfusa kumbala wombala, kwaye umbala umnyama, ulungele ukudaya imibala eshinyeneyo.

Indlela yokudaya

Idayi zesulfure ziyancitshiswa kwaye zinyibilike ukuze zenze isisombululo sedayi, kwaye i-leucosomes eyenziweyo ixutywa yi-cellulose fibers, kwaye emva kokunyangwa kwe-air oxidation, iifayili ze-cellulose zibonisa umbala ofunekayo.

I-matrix yeedayi zesulfure ayinayo i-affinity ye-fibers, kwaye isakhiwo sayo siqulethe iibhondi zesulfure, iibhondi ze-disulfide okanye iibhondi ze-polysulfide, ezincitshiswa zibe ngamaqela e-sulfhydryl phantsi kwesenzo se-sodium sulfide yokunciphisa i-agent kwaye ibe yi-soluble leucosome sodium salts.Isizathu sokuba ii-leucosomes zibe nobudlelwane obuhle kwiintsinga ze-cellulose kukuba iimolekyuli zedayi zinkulu, nto leyo evelisa amandla amakhulu eVan der Waals kunye ne-hydrogen edibanisa amandla kunye nemicu.

Inkqubo:

Inkqubo yokudaya inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanyathelo amane alandelayo:

1) Ukunciphisa idayi Kulula ukunyibilikisa idayi zesulfure.I-sodium sulfide isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-arhente yokunciphisa, kwaye isebenza njenge-alkali.Ukuze kuthintelwe umzimba we-leuco ukuba ube ne-hydrolyzed, i-soda ash kunye nezinye izinto zingongezwa ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa i-alkalinity yokuhlamba yokunciphisa akufanele ibe namandla kakhulu, ngaphandle koko izinga lokunciphisa idayi liya kuncipha.

2) Idayi ye-leuco kwisisombululo sokudaya ifakwe yifiber.I-leuco yedayi yesulfure ikhona kwi-anion state kwisisombululo sokudaya.Ithe ngqo kwifiber ye-cellulose kwaye inokubhengezwa kumphezulu wefiber kwaye isasazwe ngaphakathi kwifiber.Idayi yesulfure i-leuco inokuchaneka okuphantsi kwifayibha yeselulosi, ithatha ngokubanzi umlinganiselo omncinci wokuhlambela, kwaye yongeza i-electrolyte efanelekileyo ngaxeshanye, inokunyusa izinga lokudaya kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye iphucule umgangatho wokudaya kunye nokungena.

3) Unyango lwe-oxidation Emva kokuba idayi yesulfure i-leuco idayiwe kwifiber, kufuneka ifakwe i-oxidized ukubonisa umbala ofunekayo.I-oxidation linyathelo elibalulekileyo emva kokudaya ngeedayi zesulfure.Emva kokudaya, i-oxidized sulfur dyes i-oxidized kalula i-oxidized emoyeni emva kokuhlamba kunye ne-ventilating, oko kukuthi, indlela ye-oxidation yomoya isetyenzisiweyo;kwezinye iidayi zesulfure ezingaxutywanga lula, ii-oxidizing agents zisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza i-oxidation.

4) I-Post-processing Post-processing ibandakanya ukucoca, i-oiling, i-anti-brittleness kunye nokulungiswa kombala, njl njl. Idayi kunye nesalfure kwialkali evuthulukileyo zixutywa ngokulula emoyeni ukuze zenze iasidi yesulfuric, eya kubangela i-acid hydrolysis kwifiber cellulose kwaye ibangele umonakalo.Nciphisa amandla kwaye wenze i-fiber brittle.Ngoko ke, inokunyangwa ngama-anti-brittle agents, afana ne-urea, i-trisodium phosphate, i-bone glue, i-acetate ye-sodium, njl. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokukhawuleza kwesepha yeedayi zesulfure, inokulungiswa emva kokudaya.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zonyango lokulungiswa kombala: unyango lwetyuwa yesinyithi (njenge-potassium dichromate, i-sulfate yobhedu, i-acetate yobhedu kunye nemixube yale tyuwa) kunye nonyango lwe-agent yokulungisa umbala we-cationic (njenge-arhente yokulungisa umbala Y).Kwimveliso, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-agent e-color-fixing-M, edityaniswe ne-cationic i-ejenti yokulungisa umbala kunye netyuwa yobhedu, enokunciphisa ukungcola kwe-chromium.

Iingxaki:

Inkqubo yokuveliswa kwedayi yesulfure imfutshane, ixabiso liphantsi, kwaye ukukhawuleza kulungile, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kuseneentsilelo kunye neengxaki ezininzi kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangempela, akukwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiingubo ezahlukeneyo.

I-sodium sulfide isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwedayi yesulfure, kwaye igqithise.Inxalenye ye-sodium sulfide isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa idayi, kodwa inxalenye engaphezulu iya kuvelisa amanzi amdaka anesulfure.Amanzi amdaka okudaya anomthamo ophezulu wesulfure.Amanzi amdaka akakwazi ukunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umgangatho wamanzi wokukhupha kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno.Ukuba ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo, i-hydrogen sulfide iya kukhutshwa, eya kubangela ingozi kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye iya kutshabalalisa inkqubo yogutyulo kunye nokukhupha ivumba, eliya kulimaza impilo yabantu (idayi ngokwayo iyingozi kumzimba womntu. Akukho bungozi. kwimpilo yomsebenzisi kwaye ithathwa njengedayi engeyiyo ityhefu).

Ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yamanzi amdaka, umzi-mveliso kufuneka utyale imali eninzi, enganyusi nje kuphela iindleko zokuvelisa, kodwa ikhuphe ngokulula igesi enetyhefu ye-hydrogen sulfide ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya.Xa ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile emoyeni, kunokubangela isiyezi, ukubetha kwentliziyo, isicaphucaphu, njl. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuyingozi.

Esi sesinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe kweedayi zesulfure.Ngenxa yokuba iidayi zesulfure azinyibiliki emanzini, amalaphu adayiweyo awaxhathisi ukuxutywa kwaye awaxhathisi kwi-chlorine bleaching.Kwaye ngenxa yokuba isixa esikhulu se-sulfide esetyenziselwa ukudaya sihlala kwinto edayiweyo, imveliso egqityiweyo i-brittle ngenxa ye-oxidation yomoya ukuvelisa i-sulfate radicals ngexesha lokugcinwa.Idayi edayiweyo yedayi yesulfure emnyama esetyenzisiweyo i-brittle ngexesha lokugcinwa.Ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi kokuchithwa kwedayi yesulfure, iimveliso zolwelo ziye zaphuhliswa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa ziyidayi ezincitshisiweyo kuphela zesulfure eziye zanyibilika.Idayi zesulfure eziqhelekileyo zizinto ezinobungozi ezine-alkalinity eyomeleleyo kunye nevumba, ukuzinza okungahambi kakuhle kokugcinwa, kulula ukuhlambalaza kwaye kunzima ukuhlamba ngenxa yokudibana kwazo nezinto.Idayi zesulfure kufuneka zincitshiswe kwaye zinyibilike ngaphambi kokudaya imicu, kwaye amanyathelo asemva kokunyanga anzima, kwaye yonke inkqubo yokudaya inzima.Amalaphu okudaya adla ngokuphelela kwiintsinga zeselulosi ezifana nomqhaphu.Umthunzi wedayi zesulfure uncinci, umnyama ngowona mbala ubalulekileyo wombala, ulandelwa yiblue, umnquma kunye nomdaka, kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu kuluntu lwanamhlanje ngemibala ecebileyo nenemibala.

Isisombululo:

Njengoko amanye amazwe evala iidayi ezithile ze-carcinogenic azo.Ukuphuhliswa kwedayi ezintsha zesulfure, ingakumbi idayi zesulfure ezinyibilikayo emanzini, nazo ziya kuba nethemba elibanzi lemicu yeprotheyini.

Okwangoku, i-90% yedayi yesulfure yehlabathi isasebenzisa i-sodium sulfide, kwaye igqithise.Inxalenye ye-sodium sulfide isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa idayi, kodwa ukugqithisa kuya kuvelisa amanzi amdaka anesulfure.Ukuyikhupha ngokuthe ngqo kuya kungcolisa okusingqongileyo.Uphuhliso olongezelelweyo lwedayi zesulfure luya kuthatha indawo ye-agent yokunciphisa i-sodium sulfide esetyenziswa ngoku.Kule nkalo, ukunyuka kweendleko kufuneka kufane neendleko zangoku zokunyanga amanzi amdaka anesulfure nge-chlorination.Njengoko iimfuno zabantu zokusingqongileyo ziya zisiba phezulu nangaphezulu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luya lubaluleke ngakumbi nangakumbi.Kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukhetho lwezinto eziphilayo zokunciphisa i-agent kunye ne-oxidizing agents for dyeing sulfur.Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa kweedayi zesulfure ezingenayo i-sulfure okanye i-sulfure encinci kakhulu ingenza ukusetyenziswa kwedayi yesulfure ibe yinkqubo ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyusa izinga lokudaya kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwedayi yeedayi zesulfure, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa inani elishiyekileyo ledayi emanzini amdaka.

Intsingiselo yezinga lokudaya ibandakanya imiba emibini:

1) Isantya sokubhengezwa kwedayi kwidayi yotywala ngomphezulu wefiber;

2) Isantya sokusasazwa kwedayi kwidayi yotywala ukusuka kumphezulu wefiber ukuya ngaphakathi kwifiber.

Idayi zesulfure azinyibiliki emanzini kwaye kufuneka zincitshiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zichithwe kunye ne-agent yokunciphisa ngaphambi kokudaya.Kwinani elincinci leedayi zesulfure ezinamasuntswana amakhulu kunye ne-solubility embi, kufuneka zixutywe okanye zibiliswe emva kokongeza i-sodium sulfide ukunceda iidayi zinyibilike ngokupheleleyo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-fiber cellulose iguqulwa ukuze kwandiswe inani lamaqela adityaniswe nedayi, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe izinga lokusetyenziswa kwedayi.

l Izilumkiso zesodium sulfide

Iyingozi

a) Ingozi yempilo: Le mveliso inokubola i-hydrogen sulfide kumzila wesisu, kwaye inokubangela ityhefu ye-hydrogen sulfide emva kokulawulwa komlomo.Idleka eluswini nasemehlweni.

b) Ingozi yokusingqongileyo: Inobungozi kokusingqongileyo.

c) Ingozi yokuqhushumba: Le mveliso inokutsha, inokonakala kakhulu kwaye iyacaphukisa, kwaye inokubangela ukutshisa emzimbeni womntu.

Uncedo yokuqala

a) Ukudibanela ulusu: Yikhulule kwangoko impahla engcolileyo kwaye uhlambe ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ubuncinane.Funa unyango.

b) Ukujongana kwamehlo: Khawuleza uphakamise iinkophe uze uhlambulule kakuhle ngamanzi abalekayo amaninzi okanye ityuwa eqhelekileyo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ubuncinane.Funa unyango.

c) Ukuphefumla: Suka kwindawo yexhwayelo ngokukhawuleza uye kumoya omtsha.Gcina indlela yomoya ivuliwe.Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, nika ioksijini.Ukuba awuphefumli, mnike umoya owenziweyo ngoko nangoko.Funa unyango.

d) Ukuginya: Hlamba umlomo ngamanzi, unike ubisi okanye amaqanda amhlophe.Funa unyango.

Amanyathelo okulwa nomlilo

a) Iimpawu ezinobungozi: into engenamanzi iyatsha ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye uthuli lwayo kulula ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo emoyeni.Iyabola xa kukho iasidi kwaye ikhupha igesi enetyhefu kakhulu nenokutsha.Umgubo kunye nomoya unokwenza imixube eqhumayo.Isicombululo salo esinamanzi siyadleka kwaye sicaphukisa kakhulu.Iqala ukuba ngumphunga kwi-100 ° C, kwaye umphunga unokugqwalisa iglasi.

b) Iimveliso zokutsha ezinobungozi: ihydrogen sulfide, iioksidi zesulfure.

c) Indlela yokucima umlilo: Sebenzisa amanzi, ukutshiza amanzi, isanti ukucima umlilo.

Ukuphatha ukuchitheka

a) Unyango olungxamisekileyo: bekela bucala indawo evuzayo kwaye uthintele ukufikelela.Kucetyiswa ukuba abasebenzi bexesha likaxakeka banxibe iimaski zothuli (iimaski zobuso obugcweleyo) kunye neempahla zokusebenza ezichasene ne-asidi kunye nealkali.Ngenisa indawo ukusuka phezulu.

b) Ubuncinci bokuvuza: gwema ukuphakamisa uthuli, uqokelele ngefosholo ecocekileyo kwisitya esomileyo, esicocekileyo esinesigqubuthelo.Inokuphinda ihlanjwe ngamanzi amaninzi, kwaye amanzi ahlanjwe ahlanjululwe kwaye afakwe kwinkqubo yamanzi amdaka.

c) Isixa esikhulu sokuchitheka: ukuqokelela kunye nokurisayikilisha okanye ukuthutha ukuya kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ukuze ilahlwe.

ukugcinwa kokulahlwa

a) Ukuphatha imiGaqo: Umsebenzi ovaliweyo.Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olulodwa kwaye bathobele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza.Kucetyiswa ukuba abaqhubi banxibe izigqubuthelo zothuli zokucoca iimaski, iiglasi zokhuseleko lwekhemikhali, irabha yerabha kunye nempahla ekwaziyo ukumelana nealkali, kunye ne-asidi yerabha kunye neeglavu ezixhathisa ialkali.Gcina kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu, kwaye ukutshaya akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo kwindawo yokusebenza.Sebenzisa izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezingagqabhukiyo kunye nezixhobo.Kuphephe ukuvelisa uthuli.Gwema ukudibanisa kunye ne-oxidizing agents kunye ne-acids.Xa uphethe, layisha kwaye wothule kancinci ukuthintela umonakalo kwipakethe kunye nezikhongozeli.Ukuxhotyiswa ngeentlobo ezihambelanayo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zokulwa nomlilo kunye nokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo.Izikhongozeli ezingenanto zisenokuba ziintsalela eziyingozi.

b) Amanyathelo okuthintela ukugcina: Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya.Zigcine kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu.Ukufuma kwithala leencwadi kukhethwa ukuba kungabi ngaphezu kwama-85%.Iphakheji ivaliwe.Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidants kunye ne-acids, kwaye akufanele igcinwe kunye.Akufunekanga igcinwe ixesha elide ukuphepha ukuwohloka.Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zomlilo.Iindawo zokugcina kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuqulatha ukuchitheka.

l Izilumkiso zokupakishwa nezothutho

1. Indlela yokupakisha: Yifake kwi-0.5 mm yentsimbi eshinyeneyo kwaye utywine ngokuqinileyo, kwaye ubunzima bomnatha begubu ngalinye akufanele budlule i-100 kg;iibhotile zeglasi ezijijwayo, ikepusi yentsimbi, iibhotile zeglasi ezikroliweyo, iibhotile zeplastiki okanye iibhokisi zeplanga eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwamagubu entsimbi (iitoti);Screw-top glass bottle, ibhotile yeplastiki okanye i-tin-plated idrum yentsimbi ecekethekileyo (itoti) egqunywe ngebhokisi yomgangatho wegrate, ibhokisi yefiberboard okanye ibhokisi yeplywood;Igubu lentsimbi elicekethekileyo elinenkcenkce ecekethekileyo (inkonkxa), igubu lentsimbi (itoti), ibhotile yeplastiki okanye ithumbu lentsimbi Ibhokisi yentsimbi yangaphandle.

2. Izilumkiso zothutho: Xa zithuthwa ngololiwe, iigubhu zentsimbi zinokuthuthwa ngemoto evulekileyo.Xa uthuthwa ngololiwe, kufuneka udityaniswe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana netafile yendibano yempahla eyingozi kwi-"Mithetho yoThutho lweeMpahla ezinobungozi" ekhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezoLoliwe.Ukupakishwa kufuneka kugqitywe kwaye ukulayishwa kufuneka kukhuseleke ngexesha lokuthunyelwa.Ngethuba lokuthutha, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitya asivuzi, sidilika, siwe okanye sonakaliswe.Kuvinjelwe ngokungqongqo ukuxuba kunye nokuthutha kunye ne-oxidants, i-acids, iikhemikhali zokutya, njl. Xa uthutha, isithuthi sothutho kufuneka sixhotywe ngeentlobo ezihambelanayo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zokulwa nomlilo kunye nokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo.

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