I-sodium hydroxide, i-caustic soda

2, Ukuveliswa kwesepha

I-sodium hydroxide saponified oil ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza isepha kwaye isabele ngealkyl aromatics sulfonic acid ukuvelisa icandelo elisebenzayo lesicoci.Ukongeza, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-sodium phosphate njengenxalenye ye-detergent.

1)Isepha:

Ukwenziwa kwesepha yeyona nto indala kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-caustic soda.

I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, imfuno yesoda ye-caustic yesepha, isepha kunye nezinye iintlobo zeemveliso zokuhlambela isabala malunga ne-15% ye-caustic soda.

Inxalenye ephambili yamafutha kunye neoli yemifuno yi-triglyceride (triacylglycerol)

I-alkali hydrolysis equation yayo yile:

(RCOO) 3C3H5 (igrisi)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONA) (i-sodium enamafutha aphezulu aphezulu)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)

Le ndlela yokusabela ngumgaqo wokuvelisa isepha, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-saponification reaction.

Ewe, isiseko se-R kule nkqubo sinokwahluka, kodwa i-R-COONA eyenziweyo ingasetyenziswa njengesepha.

Eqhelekileyo R - zezi:

I-C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, i-R-COOH i-oleic acid.

I-C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, i-R-COOH i-acid palmitic.

I-C17H35 -: i-n-octadecyl, i-R-COOH i-acid stearic.

2)Isicoci:

I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iisepha ezahlukeneyo, kwaye nomgubo wanamhlanje wokuhlamba (i-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate kunye nezinye iinxalenye) nazo ziveliswa kwisixa esikhulu sesoda ye-caustic, esetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa i-fuming sulfuric acid emva kokusabela kwe-sulfonation.

3. Umzi-mveliso weTele

I-1) Imboni ye-textile ihlala isebenzisa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukuvelisa i-viscose fiber.Iintsinga ezenziweyo, ezifana ne-rayon, i-rayon, kunye ne-rayon, ubukhulu becala ziintsinga ze-viscose, ezenziwe nge-cellulose, i-sodium hydroxide, kunye ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto eziluhlaza kwisisombululo se-viscose, kwaye emva koko zisonte kwaye zijike.

2) I-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwefayibha kunye nokudaya, kunye ne-mercerizing fiber fiber.Emva kokuba ilaphu lomqhaphu liphathwe ngesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic, i-wax, igrisi, isitashi kunye nezinye izinto ezigqume ilaphu lomqhaphu zingasuswa, kwaye umbala we-mercerizing welaphu unokunyuswa ukwenza ukudaya kufane ngakumbi.

4. Ukunyibilika

1) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukwenza i-bauxite ukukhupha i-alumina ecocekileyo;

2) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukukhupha i-tungstate njengezinto eziluhlaza zokunyibilikisa i-tungsten kwi-wolframite;

3) I-sodium hydroxide nayo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-zinc alloy kunye ne-zinc ingot;

4) Emva kokuhlanjwa nge-asidi ye-sulfuric, iimveliso zepetroleum zisenazo ezinye izinto ezine-acidic.Kufuneka zihlanjwe ngesisombululo sesodium hydroxide kwaye emva koko zihlanjwe ngamanzi ukufumana iimveliso ezisulungekisiweyo.

5, Amayeza

Isodium hydroxide ingasetyenziswa njengesibulali ntsholongwane.Lungiselela i-1% okanye i-2% yesisombululo samanzi se-caustic soda, esinokusetyenziswa njengesibulali ntsholongwane kwishishini lokutya, kwaye inokubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zokusebenza, oomatshini, kunye neendibano zocweyo ezingcoliswe bubumdaka be-oyile okanye iswekile exineneyo.

6. Ukwenza iphepha

I-sodium hydroxide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lephepha.Ngenxa yobume be-alkaline, isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokubilisa kunye ne-bleaching paper.

Izinto eziluhlaza zokwenza i-papermaking ziyizityalo zokhuni okanye ingca, equkethe i-cellulose kuphela, kodwa kunye nenani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njl.).Ukongeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide edibeneyo sinokunyibilika kunye nokwahlula amacandelo angenayo i-cellulose, ngaloo ndlela yenza i-pulp nge-cellulose njengeyona nto iphambili.

7, Ukutya

Ekulungiseni ukutya, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuxobula i-lye yeziqhamo.Ukuxinwa kwesisombululo sesodium hydroxide esetyenziselwa ukuxobula kuyahluka ngokweentlobo zeziqhamo.Ngokomzekelo, i-0.8% isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide sisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-oranges ezinkonkxiweyo kunye ne-syrup epheleleyo ye-sugar de-coated;Ngokomzekelo, isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-concentration ye-13% ~ 16% isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-peach yamanzi eswekile.

Umgangatho woKhuseleko lweSizwe loKhuseleko lokuTya ekuSetyenzisweni kweZongezo zokutya (i-GB2760-2014) ichaza ukuba i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa kwishishini lokutya, kwaye intsalela ayiphelelanga.

8, Unyango lwamanzi

I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi.Kwizityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, i-sodium hydroxide inokunciphisa ubulukhuni bamanzi ngokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi.Kwintsimi yoshishino, kukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwe-ion exchange resin resin.Isodium hydroxide inealkalinity eyomeleleyo kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu emanzini.Ngenxa yokuba i-sodium hydroxide inokunyibilika okuphezulu kakhulu emanzini, kulula ukulinganisa idosi kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga amanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide kunyango lwamanzi kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

1) Ukuphelisa ubulukhuni bamanzi;

2) Lungisa ixabiso le-pH yamanzi;

3) Ungathathi cala amanzi amdaka;

4) Ukuphelisa i-ion zetsimbi enzima emanzini ngokusebenzisa imvula;

5) Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ion exchange resin.

9, ulingelo Chemical.

Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni njenge-reagent, inokusetyenziswa njenge-alkaline desiccant ngenxa yokufunxa kwayo okunamandla kwamanzi kunye nokunyaniseka.Iyakwazi ukufunxa nerhasi yeasidi (umzekelo, kuvavanyo lokutshiswa kwesulfure kwioksijini, isisombululo sesodium hydroxide singafakwa ebhotileni ukuze sifunxe ityhefu yesulfure dioxide).

Ngamafutshane, i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ukwenziwa kwephepha, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-aluminiyam, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-tungsten, i-rayon, umqhaphu owenziweyo kunye nokuveliswa kwesepha, kunye nokuveliswa kwedayi, iiplastiki, amayeza kunye nezinto eziphilayo. , ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, ukuveliswa kwesinyithi se-sodium, i-electrolysis yamanzi kunye nokuveliswa kwetyuwa ye-inorganic, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njl., efuna isixa esikhulu se-caustic soda, okuyi-sodium hydroxide.

10, icandelo laMandla

Kwintsimi yamandla, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweeseli zamafutha.Njengeebhetri, iiseli zepetroli zinokubonelela ngamandla acocekileyo nasebenzayo kusetyenziso oluninzi, kubandakanywa uthutho, ukuphatha imathiriyeli, kunye nokufakwa kombane ophathwayo, ophathwayo kunye noongxamisekileyo.I-epoxy resin eyenziwe ngokongeza i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa iiinjini zomoya.