I-sodium hydroxide, i-caustic soda

Inkcazelo emfutshane:

I-sodium hydroxide, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-caustic soda, i-caustic soda kunye ne-caustic soda, i-inorganic compound kunye ne-chemical formula ye-NaOH.I-sodium hydroxide ine-alkaline kakhulu kwaye iyatshisa.Ingasetyenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, i-agent masking agent, i-precipitator, i-agent yokufihla imvula, i-ejenti yokuphuhlisa umbala, i-saponifier, i-ejenti yokuxobula, i-detergent, njl., kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa.

* Isetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo

* Isodium hydroxide inefuthe elibi kwimicu, ulusu, iglasi, iiseramikhi, njalo njalo, kwaye iya kukhupha ubushushu xa inyibilikiswa okanye ixutywe nesisombululo

• I-sodium hydroxide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo nengena umoya kakuhle.


Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Iithegi zeMveliso

Isoda yeCaustic

I-sodium hydroxide, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-caustic sodakwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi "Mzalwana" eHong Kong ngenxa yesi siqhulo.Yikhompawundi ye-inorganic kunye nekristale emhlophe kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, kunye nokubola okunamandla.Yeyona alkali ixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye inobukho bayo kwishishini lemichiza, isinyithi, ukwenza iphepha, i-petroleum, i-textile, ukutya, kwanezinto zokuthambisa kunye ne-cream.

Isodium hydroxide inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye ikhupha ubushushu obuninzi xa kukho amanzi kunye nomphunga.Xa ibonakaliswe emoyeni, i-sodium hydroxide iya kuthabatha ukufuma emoyeni, kwaye inyibilike ngokuthe ngcembe xa umphezulu umanzi, yiloo nto esihlala siyibiza ngokuthi "i-deliquescence" Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iya kusabela nge-carbon dioxide emoyeni kwaye iyancipha. .Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwindawo yokugcina kunye nokupakishwa kwe-sodium hydroxide.Ukongeza kwiimpawu zokunyibilika emanzini, i-sodium hydroxide nayo iyanyibilika kwi-ethanol, i-glycerol, kodwa kungekhona kwi-ether, i-acetone, kunye ne-ammonia engamanzi.Ukongezelela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide yamanzi sinamandla e-alkaline, i-astringent kunye ne-greasy, kwaye inokonakala okunamandla.

Isodium hydroxide ethengiswa kwimarike inokohlulwa ibe yi-soda ecocekileyo eqinileyo kunye nesoda ecocekileyo eyicaustic.Phakathi kwabo, i-soda ecocekileyo ecocekileyo ye-caustic imhlophe, ngendlela yebhloko, ishidi, intonga kunye ne-particle, kunye ne-brittle;Ulwelo olusulungekileyo lwe-caustic soda alunambala kwaye lulwelo olubonakalayo.

Isicelo

Umfanekiso we7

Ukususela kubume be-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium hydroxide ineempembelelo ezinobungozi kwimicu, ulusu, iglasi, i-ceramics, njl.Ungathathi hlangothi ngeeasidi ukwenza ityuwa kunye namanzi;Ukusabela nge-aluminiyam yesinyithi kunye ne-zinc, i-boron engeyiyo isinyithi kunye ne-silicon ukukhulula i-hydrogen;Ukusabela okungafaniyo kunye neklorine, ibromine, iodine kunye nezinye i-halogens;Iyakwazi ukukhupha i-ion zetsimbi kwisisombululo samanzi kwi-hydroxide;Inokwenza i-oyile i-saponify kwaye ivelise ityuwa yesodium ehambelanayo kunye notywala be-asidi ye-organic, ekwangumgaqo wokususa amabala e-oyile kwilaphu.Kuyabonakala ukuba i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu.Icandelo elisebenzisa kakhulu i-sodium hydroxide lelokwenza imichiza, kulandele ukwenziwa kwephepha, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-aluminiyam, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-tungsten, irayon, irayon kunye nesepha.Ukongeza, kwimveliso yedayi, iiplastiki, amayeza kunye ne-organic intermediates, ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, i-electrolysis ye-sodium yensimbi kunye namanzi, kunye nokuveliswa kweetyuwa ze-inorganic, ukuveliswa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njl. , ifuna kwakhona ukusetyenziswa kwesixa esikhulu se-caustic soda.Ngelo xesha, i-sodium hydroxide yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa i-polycarbonate, i-polymer e-absorbent, i-zeolite, i-epoxy resin, i-sodium phosphate, i-sodium sulfite kunye nesixa esikhulu setyuwa yesodium.Kumagqabantshintshi e-sodium hydroxide, sikhankanye ukuba i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemichiza, i-metallurgy, ukwenza iphepha, i-petroleum, i-textile, ukutya kunye ne-cosmetics cream.

Ngoku, siza kwazisa ukusetyenziswa kwesodium hydroxide kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngokweenkcukacha.

1, Izixhobo zeMichiza ekrwada:

Njengomchiza oqinileyo we-alkaline, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-borax, i-sodium cyanide, i-formic acid, i-oxalic acid, i-phenol, njl.

1)Ishishini lemichiza ye-Inorganic:

① Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iityuwa ezahlukeneyo zesodium kunye neehydroxide zetsimbi enzima.

② Isetyenziselwa ukuvuza kwealkaline kwintsimbi ekrwada.

③ Lungisa ixabiso le-pH lezisombululo ezahlukeneyo zokusabela.

2)Ishishini lemichiza yendalo:

① I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukusabela kwe-saponification ukuvelisa i-nucleophilic anionic ephakathi.

② I-Dehalogenation ye-halogenated compounds.

③ Iikhompawundi zeHydroxyl ziveliswa kukunyibilika kwealkali.

④ Ialkali yasimahla iveliswa kwityuwa yealkali ephilayo.

⑤ Isetyenziswa njenge-alkaline catalyst kwi-organic chemical reactions.

2, Ukuveliswa kwesepha

I-sodium hydroxide saponified oil ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza isepha kwaye isabele ngealkyl aromatics sulfonic acid ukuvelisa icandelo elisebenzayo lesicoci.Ukongeza, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-sodium phosphate njengenxalenye ye-detergent.

1)Isepha:

Ukwenziwa kwesepha yeyona nto indala kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-caustic soda.

I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, imfuno yesoda ye-caustic yesepha, isepha kunye nezinye iintlobo zeemveliso zokuhlambela isabala malunga ne-15% ye-caustic soda.

Inxalenye ephambili yamafutha kunye neoli yemifuno yi-triglyceride (triacylglycerol)

I-alkali hydrolysis equation yayo yile:

(RCOO) 3C3H5 (igrisi)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONA) (i-sodium enamafutha aphezulu aphezulu)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)

Le ndlela yokusabela ngumgaqo wokuvelisa isepha, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-saponification reaction.

Ewe, isiseko se-R kule nkqubo sinokwahluka, kodwa i-R-COONA eyenziweyo ingasetyenziswa njengesepha.

Eqhelekileyo R - zezi:

I-C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, i-R-COOH i-oleic acid.

I-C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, i-R-COOH i-acid palmitic.

I-C17H35 -: i-n-octadecyl, i-R-COOH i-acid stearic.

2)Isicoci:

I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iisepha ezahlukeneyo, kwaye nomgubo wanamhlanje wokuhlamba (i-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate kunye nezinye iinxalenye) nazo ziveliswa kwisixa esikhulu sesoda ye-caustic, esetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa i-fuming sulfuric acid emva kokusabela kwe-sulfonation.

3. Umzi-mveliso weTele

I-1) Imboni ye-textile ihlala isebenzisa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ukuvelisa i-viscose fiber.Iintsinga ezenziweyo, ezifana ne-rayon, i-rayon, kunye ne-rayon, ubukhulu becala ziintsinga ze-viscose, ezenziwe nge-cellulose, i-sodium hydroxide, kunye ne-carbon disulfide (CS2) njengezinto eziluhlaza kwisisombululo se-viscose, kwaye emva koko zisonte kwaye zijike.

2) I-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwefayibha kunye nokudaya, kunye ne-mercerizing fiber fiber.Emva kokuba ilaphu lomqhaphu liphathwe ngesisombululo sesoda ye-caustic, i-wax, igrisi, isitashi kunye nezinye izinto ezigqume ilaphu lomqhaphu zingasuswa, kwaye umbala we-mercerizing welaphu unokunyuswa ukwenza ukudaya kufane ngakumbi.

4. Ukunyibilika

1) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukwenza i-bauxite ukukhupha i-alumina ecocekileyo;

2) Sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukukhupha i-tungstate njengezinto eziluhlaza zokunyibilikisa i-tungsten kwi-wolframite;

3) I-sodium hydroxide nayo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-zinc alloy kunye ne-zinc ingot;

4) Emva kokuhlanjwa nge-asidi ye-sulfuric, iimveliso zepetroleum zisenazo ezinye izinto ezine-acidic.Kufuneka zihlanjwe ngesisombululo sesodium hydroxide kwaye emva koko zihlanjwe ngamanzi ukufumana iimveliso ezisulungekisiweyo.

5, Amayeza

Isodium hydroxide ingasetyenziswa njengesibulali ntsholongwane.Lungiselela i-1% okanye i-2% yesisombululo samanzi se-caustic soda, esinokusetyenziswa njengesibulali ntsholongwane kwishishini lokutya, kwaye inokubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zokusebenza, oomatshini, kunye neendibano zocweyo ezingcoliswe bubumdaka be-oyile okanye iswekile exineneyo.

6. Ukwenza iphepha

I-sodium hydroxide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lephepha.Ngenxa yobume be-alkaline, isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokubilisa kunye ne-bleaching paper.

Izinto eziluhlaza zokwenza i-papermaking ziyizityalo zokhuni okanye ingca, equkethe i-cellulose kuphela, kodwa kunye nenani elikhulu le-non-cellulose (i-lignin, i-gum, njl.).Ukongeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide edibeneyo sinokunyibilika kunye nokwahlula amacandelo angenayo i-cellulose, ngaloo ndlela yenza i-pulp nge-cellulose njengeyona nto iphambili.

7, Ukutya

Ekulungiseni ukutya, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziswa njenge-acid neutralizer, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuxobula i-lye yeziqhamo.Ukuxinwa kwesisombululo sesodium hydroxide esetyenziselwa ukuxobula kuyahluka ngokweentlobo zeziqhamo.Ngokomzekelo, i-0.8% isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide sisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-oranges ezinkonkxiweyo kunye ne-syrup epheleleyo ye-sugar de-coated;Ngokomzekelo, isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-concentration ye-13% ~ 16% isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-peach yamanzi eswekile.

Umgangatho woKhuseleko lweSizwe loKhuseleko lokuTya ekuSetyenzisweni kweZongezo zokutya (i-GB2760-2014) ichaza ukuba i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuncedisa kwishishini lokutya, kwaye intsalela ayiphelelanga.

8, Unyango lwamanzi

I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi.Kwizityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, i-sodium hydroxide inokunciphisa ubulukhuni bamanzi ngokusabela kokungathathi hlangothi.Kwintsimi yoshishino, kukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwe-ion exchange resin resin.Isodium hydroxide inealkalinity eyomeleleyo kunye nokunyibilika okuphezulu emanzini.Ngenxa yokuba i-sodium hydroxide inokunyibilika okuphezulu kakhulu emanzini, kulula ukulinganisa idosi kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga amanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide kunyango lwamanzi kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

1) Ukuphelisa ubulukhuni bamanzi;

2) Lungisa ixabiso le-pH yamanzi;

3) Ungathathi cala amanzi amdaka;

4) Ukuphelisa i-ion zetsimbi enzima emanzini ngokusebenzisa imvula;

5) Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ion exchange resin.

9, ulingelo Chemical.

Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni njenge-reagent, inokusetyenziswa njenge-alkaline desiccant ngenxa yokufunxa kwayo okunamandla kwamanzi kunye nokunyaniseka.Iyakwazi ukufunxa nerhasi yeasidi (umzekelo, kuvavanyo lokutshiswa kwesulfure kwioksijini, isisombululo sesodium hydroxide singafakwa ebhotileni ukuze sifunxe ityhefu yesulfure dioxide).

Ngamafutshane, i-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ukwenziwa kwephepha, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-aluminiyam, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-tungsten, i-rayon, umqhaphu owenziweyo kunye nokuveliswa kwesepha, kunye nokuveliswa kwedayi, iiplastiki, amayeza kunye nezinto eziphilayo. , ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, ukuveliswa kwesinyithi se-sodium, i-electrolysis yamanzi kunye nokuveliswa kwetyuwa ye-inorganic, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njl., efuna isixa esikhulu se-caustic soda, okuyi-sodium hydroxide.

10, icandelo laMandla

Kwintsimi yamandla, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweeseli zamafutha.Njengeebhetri, iiseli zepetroli zinokubonelela ngamandla acocekileyo nasebenzayo kusetyenziso oluninzi, kubandakanywa uthutho, ukuphatha imathiriyeli, kunye nokufakwa kombane ophathwayo, ophathwayo kunye noongxamisekileyo.I-epoxy resin eyenziwe ngokongeza i-sodium hydroxide ingasetyenziselwa iiinjini zomoya.

Isikhokelo somthengi

Intshayelelo:

I-anhydrous sodium hydroxide ecocekileyo yikristale eguquguqukayo eqinileyo.I-sodium hydroxide inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, kwaye ukunyibilika kwayo kuyanda ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu.Xa inyibilika, inokukhupha ubushushu obuninzi.Kwi-288K, ukugxininiswa kwayo kwesisombululo esigcweleyo kunokufikelela kwi-26.4 mol / L (1: 1).Isisombululo sayo samanzi sinencasa ye-astringent kunye nemvakalelo enamafutha.Isisombululo sinamandla e-alkaline kwaye sinazo zonke iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zealkali.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-caustic soda ezithengiswayo kwiimarike: i-soda eqinile ye-caustic imhlophe, kwaye ikwimo yebhloko, i-sheet, intonga kunye ne-granule, kwaye i-brittle;Ulwelo olusulungekileyo lwe-caustic soda alunambala kwaye lulwelo olubonakalayo.I-sodium hydroxide nayo i-soluble kwi-ethanol kunye ne-glycerol;Nangona kunjalo, ayinyibiliki kwi-ether, i-acetone kunye ne-ammonia engamanzi.

Imbonakalo:

Ukuqina kwekristale ekhanyayo emhlophe

Ugcino:

Gcina i-sodium hydroxide kwisikhongozelo esingangeni manzi, yibeke kwindawo ecocekileyo nepholileyo, kwaye uyibeke kwindawo yokusebenzela kunye ne-taboos.Indawo yokugcina iya kuba nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokungenisa umoya.Ukupakishwa, ukulayishwa kunye nokukhulula i-flake eqinile kunye ne-granular caustic soda kufuneka iphathwe ngononophelo ukukhusela iphakheji ukuba yonakaliswe emzimbeni womntu.

Sebenzisa:

Isodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu.Ukongeza kokusetyenziswa njenge-reagent kwiimvavanyo zemichiza, inokusetyenziswa njenge-alkaline desiccant ngenxa yokufunxa amanzi anamandla.I-sodium hydroxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe, kwaye amasebe amaninzi amashishini ayayidinga.Icandelo elisebenzisa kakhulu i-sodium hydroxide lelokwenza imichiza, kulandele ukwenziwa kwephepha, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-aluminiyam, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-tungsten, irayon, irayon kunye nesepha.Ukongeza, kwimveliso yedayi, iiplastiki, amayeza kunye ne-organic intermediates, ukuvuselelwa kwerabha endala, i-electrolysis ye-sodium yensimbi kunye namanzi, kunye nokuveliswa kweetyuwa ze-inorganic, ukuveliswa kwe-borax, i-chromate, i-manganate, i-phosphate, njl. , ifuna kwakhona ukusetyenziswa kwesixa esikhulu se-caustic soda.

Ukupakisha:

Isoda ye-industrial eyomeleleyo ye-caustic iya kupakishwa kwimigqomo yentsimbi okanye ezinye izikhongozeli ezivaliweyo ezinobunzima bodonga lwe-0 Ngaphezu kwe-5mm, ukumelana noxinzelelo ngaphezulu kwe-0.5Pa, isiciko somgqomo kufuneka sitywinwe ngokuqinileyo, ubunzima bombhobho ngamnye bungama-200kg, kunye ne-alkali yeflake yi-25kg.Iphakheji iya kuphawulwa ngokucacileyo "ngezinto ezidliwayo".Xa ulwelo olutyiwayo lwe-caustic soda luthuthwa ngemoto yetanki okanye itanki yokugcina, kufuneka icocwe emva kokusetyenziswa kabini.

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Ingxelo yomthengi

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Umgangatho weemveliso uphezulu ngokupheleleyo.Ndothuswa kukuba, isimo sengqondo senkonzo yenkampani ukususela kwixesha lokwamkela uphando ukuya kwixesha apho ndaqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kwempahla yayiyiklasi yokuqala, eyandenza ndaziva ndishushu kakhulu kwaye ndiziva ndivuya kakhulu.

Inkonzo yenkampani iyamangalisa ngokwenene.Zonke iimpahla ezifunyenweyo zipakishwe kakuhle kwaye zifakwe amanqaku afanelekileyo.Ukupakishwa kuqinile kwaye isantya solungiselelo siyakhawuleza.

Imifanekiso ye3
umfanekiso we-4

Xa ndikhetha amaqabane, ndafumanisa ukuba unikezelo lwenkampani lungabizi kakhulu, umgangatho weesampuli ezifunyenweyo nazo zilungile kakhulu, kunye neziqinisekiso zokuhlola ezifanelekileyo ziqhotyoshelwe.Yayiyintsebenziswano entle!

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